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The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is a United States federal law that set up the basic U.S. system of pesticide regulation to protect applicators, consumers, and the environment.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) )〕 It is administered and regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the appropriate environmental agencies of the respective states.〔 FIFRA has undergone several important amendments since its inception. A significant revision in 1972 by the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (FEPCA) and several others have expanded EPA’s present authority to oversee the sales and use of pesticides with emphasis on the preservation of human health and protection of the environment by "(1) strengthening the registration process by shifting the burden of proof to the chemical manufacturer, (2) enforcing compliance against banned and unregistered products, and (3) promulgating the regulatory framework missing from the original law".〔 == History == The Federal Insecticide Act (FIA) of 1910 was the first pesticide legislation enacted.〔 This legislation ensured quality pesticides by protecting farmers and consumers from fraudulent and/or unadulterated products by manufacturers and distributors.〔 During World War II there was a marked increase in the pesticide market, as wartime research and development produced many chemicals with newly discovered insecticidal properties.〔 Widespread usage of pesticides garnered much public and political support due to the resulting post war food surplus made possible by higher crop yield from significantly lower pest damage.〔 Synthetic organic insecticide usage increased from 100 million pounds in 1945 to over 300 million pounds by 1950.〔 The Federal Insecticide Act of 1910 set standards for chemical quality and provided consumers protection but did not address the growing issue of potential environmental damage and biological health risks associated with such widespread use of insecticides.〔〔〔 Congress passed the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act in 1947 to address some of the shortcomings of the Federal Insecticide Act.〔〔〔〔 Congress enacted major revisions to FIFRA in 1972 with the Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act (FEPCA).〔 The 1947 law assigned the United States Department of Agriculture responsibility for regulating pesticides.〔 The 1972 amendment transferred this responsibility to the Environmental Protection Agency and shifted emphasis to protection of the environment and public health.〔 In 1988, Congress amended the pesticide registration provisions required re-registration of many pesticides that had been registered before 1984.〔Willson, Harold R (February 23, 1996), ("Pesticide Regulations" ). ''IPM World Textbook.'' University of Minnesota. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.〕 The act was amended again in 1996 by the Food Quality Protection Act.〔Food Quality Protection Act, . Approved 1996-08-03.〕 More recently the act was amended in 2012 by the Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012.〔Pesticide Registration Improvement Extension Act of 2012, . Approved 2012-09-28.〕 As of May 2007, there are 28 listed restricted pesticides of different formulas and mixtures. Any area these pesticides are used or applied is considered a restricted area. On March 4, 2013, Rep. Bob Gibbs (R, OH-7) introduced the Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 (H.R. 935; 113th Congress), a bill that would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45192 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/935 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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